Level AOperable
2.4.4

Link Purpose (In Context)

Link text should make clear where the link goes, so 'View cart' beats a row of identical 'click here' links.

In plain English

Screen-reader users often skim a page by pulling up a list of just the links. In that list there is no surrounding paragraph, just the link text. So a page full of “click here”, “read more”, and “shop now” becomes a list of identical, meaningless entries.

The rule: make the link text (or the text right next to it) say where the link goes. “View your cart” or “Read the size guide” instead of “click here”.

Who this is for

  • Screen-reader users, who navigate by lists of links out of context.
  • Everyone scanning quickly, since descriptive links are easier to skim.

What “good” looks like

Say the destination in the link itself.

<!-- Good -->
<a href="/size-guide">Read the size guide</a>
<a href="/cart">View your cart</a>

<!-- Icon-only link still needs a name -->
<a href="/cart" aria-label="View your cart"><svg>…</svg></a>

<!-- Bad: identical and meaningless out of context -->
<a href="/size-guide">Click here</a>

Where stores get it wrong

Repeated “read more” links under blog cards, “click here” in help text, “shop now” buttons that all say the same thing, and icon-only cart, search, and wishlist links with no accessible name. These are common entries on the failures list and easy to catch in a self-check.

How to meet it

Techniques the W3C accepts as sufficient (summarized). Follow a link for the full method.

Common mistakes

Patterns the W3C lists as failures of this criterion. Avoid these.

Frequently asked questions

What does link purpose (in context) require?+

Success Criterion 2.4.4 (Level A) says the purpose of each link should be clear from its link text, or from the text immediately around it. Screen-reader users often pull up a list of all links on a page, so 'click here' repeated ten times tells them nothing.

Why is 'click here' or 'read more' a problem?+

Out of context, those links are identical and meaningless. A screen-reader user reviewing a list of links, or a sighted user scanning, can't tell where any of them go. Describe the destination instead: 'Read the ADA lawsuit timeline'.

Do icon-only links (like a cart icon) satisfy this?+

Only if they have an accessible name. A bare icon link needs an aria-label or visually hidden text (for example aria-label='View cart'), otherwise a screen reader announces nothing useful.

Reference

This is a plain-language explainer. The authoritative source is the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2.

WCAG 2.2 © W3C. Excerpts are paraphrased; see the linked documents for the normative text.

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