Level AAOperable
2.4.6

Headings and Labels

Headings and form labels should actually describe what they're about, not be vague or generic.

In plain English

Having headings and labels is step one; making them useful is step two. A screen-reader user often skims a page by its headings, and tabs through a form by its labels. If those say “Section”, “Details”, or “Field 1”, they learn nothing. This rule says headings and labels must genuinely describe what they are about.

Who this is for

  • Screen-reader users, who navigate by headings and rely on labels to fill forms.
  • Everyone skimming, since clear headings make any page easier to scan.

How to check and fix it yourself

Read just your headings top to bottom, do they outline the page clearly? Then read your form labels, does each say exactly what to enter? Rewrite anything vague:

Heading: "Info"        → "Return policy"
Label:   "Field"       → "Email address"
Label:   "Search"      → "Search products"

Where we can help

Vague headings and labels are easy to miss because they look fine, they are just not helpful. We review your headings and labels for clarity and suggest descriptive wording. It pairs with structure checks in a self-check.

How to meet it

Techniques the W3C accepts as sufficient (summarized). Follow a link for the full method.

Frequently asked questions

What does headings and labels require?+

Success Criterion 2.4.6 (Level AA) says headings and labels must describe their topic or purpose. It is not about whether they exist (that is covered elsewhere), but whether they are actually useful and descriptive.

How is this different from 1.3.1 and 3.3.2?+

1.3.1 and 3.3.2 make sure headings and labels exist and are coded correctly. 2.4.6 goes a step further: the ones you have must be meaningful. A field labelled 'Field 1' technically has a label, but it fails 2.4.6 because it describes nothing.

What makes a good heading or label?+

Specific and self-explanatory. 'Shipping address' beats 'Details'. 'Search products' beats 'Search'. Someone skimming your headings, or a screen-reader user listing them, should understand the page structure from the words alone.

Reference

This is a plain-language explainer. The authoritative source is the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2.

WCAG 2.2 © W3C. Excerpts are paraphrased; see the linked documents for the normative text.

Not sure if your store passes 2.4.6?

A human auditor checks this and every other criterion against your live store, and documents the result.

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