Level AAAUnderstandable
3.1.6

Pronunciation

Where a word's meaning depends on how it's pronounced, provide the pronunciation so it isn't ambiguous.

In plain English

Some words are spelled identically but mean different things depending on how you say them, “read” the book (now) versus “read” it (yesterday), “lead” a team versus a “lead” pipe. This AAA rule says where that ambiguity would confuse the reader, provide the pronunciation so the intended meaning is clear.

For an English-language store this almost never comes up, so it usually does not apply. It matters more in languages where pronunciation regularly changes meaning.

Who this is for

  • Screen-reader users, when a mispronounced heteronym flips the meaning.
  • People with reading and cognitive differences.

How to check and fix it yourself

Only relevant if you have words whose meaning genuinely turns on pronunciation. Where you do, add the pronunciation nearby or link it.

Ambiguous heteronym in body text → add pronunciation in parentheses.  ✓
Standard English product copy → typically not applicable.

Where we can help

We note any place where pronunciation genuinely affects meaning in your content, which for most stores is “none”, so you can confirm this one is not a concern. It rounds out the readability checks.

How to meet it

Techniques the W3C accepts as sufficient (summarized). Follow a link for the full method.

Frequently asked questions

What does pronunciation require?+

Success Criterion 3.1.6 (Level AAA) says where the meaning of words is ambiguous without knowing their pronunciation, you must provide a way to find that pronunciation, so the right meaning is clear.

When does pronunciation change meaning?+

In words spelled the same but said differently (heteronyms), for example 'read' (present) vs 'read' (past), or 'lead' (to guide) vs 'lead' (the metal). In some languages this is far more common than in English.

Does a typical store need this?+

Very rarely. English stores hit genuine pronunciation ambiguity only occasionally. It matters more for content in languages where pronunciation frequently disambiguates meaning. It is a Level AAA edge case for most stores.

Reference

This is a plain-language explainer. The authoritative source is the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2.

WCAG 2.2 © W3C. Excerpts are paraphrased; see the linked documents for the normative text.

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